Informatics Publishing Limited

Sudipta Roy ¹, Siddhartha Sadhukhan ¹, Shayak Sadhu ¹, S. K. Bandyopadhyay ²

Affiliations
1 Department of MCA, Academy of Technology, Adisaptagram, Aedconagar, Hooghly - 712121, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Objective: For the purpose of Data Communication Steganography is a technique which is combination of both the science and art by which we may hide information inside other covered media. Method: Here we use 3-layers steganographic data encryption, in the first stage data are encoded based upon DNA-Sequence and then the stego-key is added with individual byte then the byte streams are encoded within the image. First encrypt the data is more secure than encoding the raw data and authentication values which provide access only to authorized persons. Finding: Only Steganography is not enough secure for the present scenario. Simple Steganography is very much vulnerable in front of attack, but if we apply some encryption on the data itself and then use Steganography then that will be more secure than the use raw data in Steganography. Application: It will cover all the fields where we need Data Security and it covers a zone of data security where we need to hide the existence of data.

Keywords

3-Layer Encryption, DNA-based Encryption, Image Steganography, Steganography

Full Text

   

S. Naresh Kumar ¹, Anuja ¹, Md. Rashid ¹, S. K. Bandyopadhyay ¹, Rabindra Padaria ², Manoj Khanna ³

Affiliations
1 Centre for Environment and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Divison of Agricultural Extension, Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
3 Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Abstract

Adaptation strategies that can minimize the negative effects of climatic risk were implemented in over 2000 farms in 12 villages of Mewat district in Haryana, India. Detailed household (HH) level data from 120 farm families for two periods (prior to intervention and end of project period) indicated: (i) agricultural profit of adapted farmers was more than that of non-adapted farmers in all strata according to the difference in difference model; (ii) non-adapted farmers in <4 acre groups have to either alter the existing agricultural practices to reduce management cost and increase profit or incur additional cost for adaptation; (iii) large farmers may have to rationalize their management investments for gaining more profits; (iv) the profit is not directly proportional to the cost of adaptation, if any, among different strata of farmers; (v) agricultural income alone cannot sustain small and marginal farm (<4 acre) families, however with adaptation a self-sustaining agriculture could be achieved; (vi) suitable adaptation can reduce the cost of farm operations, and increase agricultural profits as well as adaptive capacity to climatic risks; (vii) additional cost is not always required for adaptation, and rationalizing agricultural expenditure is essential to adapt to climatic risks. At community level differential costs of adaptation and profits are likely. Policies for incentivizing these 'responsive adaptation' costs for small and marginal farmers would be required. However, investments may be required for establishing permanent agricultural-infrastructure for managing water and agricultural produce in order to sustain agricultural profitability.

Keywords

Adaptation Cost, Agricultural Profit, Climate Change, Farm Family, Land Holding.

Full Text